Rapidol s 400 mg инструкция

Действующее вещество: парацетамол;

2,5 мл раствора ректального (клизма) содержат парацетамола 125 мг

или

4 мл парацетамола 250 мг

Вспомогательные вещества: натрия бензоат (Е 211), натрия метабисульфит (Е 223), бензойная кислота (Е 210), повидон 30, пропиленгликоль, этанол 96%, вода очищенная.

Раствор ректальный (микроклизма).

Анальгетики и антипиретики. 

Код АТС N02B E01.

Парацетамол блокирует активность фермента циклооксигеназы третьего типа (ЦОГ-3), который синтезируется в ЦНС и не имеет периферического действия в отношении ЦОГ-1 и ЦОГ-2. В результате этого нарушается синтез медиаторов гипертермии и боли — простагландинов, простациклина и тромбоксана. Простагландины, прежде всего класса E1, активируют аденилатциклазу нейронов центра терморегуляции, что приводит к повышению в них уровня цАМФ. В свою очередь, это меняет транспорт ионов кальция и натрия с цереброспинальной жидкости в клетку. Вследствие снижения продукции простагландинов уменьшается их пирогенное влияние на центр терморегуляции, в котором восстанавливается нормальная активность нейронов. Снижение температуры тела происходит за счет повышения теплоотдачи в конце сосудов кожи и усиление потоотделения.

Парацетамол хорошо проникает через гематоэнцефалический барьер. Анальгезирующее и жаропонижающее эффекты парацетамола связывают с центральным действием. Считается, что парацетамол также имеет непосредственное антипростагландиновий эффект, особенно в отношении простагландина С4, что является важным фактором в возникновении боли. Кроме этого, обезболивающий эффект парацетамола усиливается за счет периферического блокировки импульсов на брадикининчувствительных хеморецепторы.

Парацетамол хорошо всасывается в кишечнике. Связывание с белками плазмы до 15% препарата. Метаболизируется в печени. 80-95% дозы парацетамола подлежит конъюгации с глюкуроновой и серной кислотами, в результате чего образуются конъюгированные метаболиты, которые являются нетоксичными и легко выводятся почками. 5% введенной дозы подлежит окислению ферментами цитохрома P 450 с образованием N-ацетилбензохинонимину, который, соединяясь с глутатионом, превращается в неактивную соединение и выводится почками. При применении очень высоких доз (более 12 г или 150 мг / кг) возникает дефицит глутатиона и повышается уровень N-ацетилбензохинонимину, что может привести к некрозу тканей печени. Таким образом, гепатотоксический эффект имеет не сам парацетамол, а его нестабильной метаболит при истощении запасов глутатиона в печени. Поскольку концентрация цитохрома P 450 , который окисляет парацетамол, максимальная в гепатоцитах зоны 3 печеночной доли, поэтому некроз локализуется именно в этой области печени. 

Терапевтический индекс для парацетамола является высоким (соотношение летальной дозы (%) к эффективному 50%> 20).

У детей метаболизм парацетамола имеет особенности, обусловленные незрелостью системы цитохрома 450 . Поэтому у детей практически весь парацетамол метаболизируется сульфатным и глюкуроновой путями, а незначительное количество выводится в неизмененном виде. Это объясняет более низкую частоту поражений печени у детей в результате передозировки парацетамола по сравнению со взрослыми — токсические метаболиты у детей не образуются.

Фармакокинетические параметры при ректальном введении раствора парацетамола близки с

таковыми при введении. Максимальная концентрация (Tmax) составляет 72,2 мкмоль / л и достигается через 1,86 часа, что на один час раньше, чем при применении парацетамола в форме ректальных свечей. Концентрация парацетамола через 1:00 после введения ректального раствора является в 2,5 раза выше, чем после применения свечей. Период полувыведения при применении ректального раствора парацетамола составляет 2,74 ± 1,399 часа.

Симптоматическое лечение болевого синдрома легкой или средней степени и / или состояний, сопровождающихся гипертермическая реакции:

• при инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваниях; 
• головной, зубной, в т.ч. при прорезывании зубов у детей
• при лихорадке вызванной вакцинацией.

Гиперчувствительность к парацетамола или к любому компоненту препарата, тяжелые нарушения функции печени или почек, дефицит глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы, заболевания крови (анемия, лейкопения). Воспалительные заболевания прямой кишки и нарушение функции ануса. Возраст до 6 месяцев или масса тела меньше 8 кг.

Превышать рекомендованных доз.

Необходимо проконсультироваться с врачом, если лихорадочный синдром не уменьшается в течение 2 дней или боль не облегчается течение 3 дней лечения.

Не применять с другими лекарствами в состав которых входит парацетамол. Не применять также с другими антипиретиками — возникает риск гепатотоксического действия.

Прием парацетамола может повлиять на результаты исследования мочевой кислоты, а также на определение глюкозы в крови.

С осторожностью применять пациентам с заболеваниями печени и почек.

Препарат предназначен для применения у детей.

Препарат предназначен для применения у детей.

Данная лекарственная форма применяется детям от 6 месяцев с массой тела от 8 кг.

Для ректального применения.

Снимите крышку с микроклизмы. Смажьте небольшим количеством вазелина или иной субстанции, имеет такую ​​же свойство, наконечник.

Детям старшего возраста вставьте на полную длину наконечник (около 5 см) в задний проход.

Ребенка в возрасте до 3 лет разместите через ваше колено ягодицами вверх.

Детям в возрасте до 3 лет наконечник вставляют на половину длины.

Когда опустошат микроклизму, выньте ее, держа ректальную тубу в нажатом состоянии. Удерживайте ребенка в той же самой позиции и сожмите ягодицы на несколько минут, чтобы избежать протечек.

Рекомендуемые дозы:

Детям до 12 лет рекомендуемая доза составляет 10-15 мг / кг 3-4 раза в сутки. Максимальная суточная доза не должна превышать 60 мг / кг / сут.

Максимальный курс лечения без консультации врача — 3 дня.

При передозировке лекарственного средства обратитесь к врачу.

При передозировке наблюдаются такие симптомы, как тошнота, рвота, анорексия, бледность, боль в животе, которые развиваются обычно в течение первых 24 часов. Токсический эффект от отравления парацетамолом возможно в случае приема разовой дозы свыше 150 мг / кг массы тела для детей; развернутая клиническая картина поражения печени проявляется через 12-48 часов, возможно быстрое нарушение функции печени с возможным осложнением в виде острой почечной недостаточности. Могут возникать нарушения метаболизма глюкозы и метаболический ацидоз, гепатоцеллюлярная недостаточность. При тяжелом отравлении печеночная недостаточность может прогрессировать к гипогликемии, энцефалопатии, кровоизлияний, отека мозга, коме и летальному исходу.

Острая почечная недостаточность с острым некрозом канальцев может развиться даже при отсутствии тяжелого поражения печени. Возможно возникновение сердечной аритмии и панкреатита.

Неотложные меры — госпитализация, анализ крови для определения уровня парацетамола в сыворотке крови, очищения кишечника, введение антидота N-ацетилцистеина, симптоматическое лечение и дезинтоксикационное лечение.

Аллергические реакции : кожный зуд, сыпь на коже и слизистых оболочках (обычно эритематозная, возможна крапивница), ангионевротический отек, мультиформная экссудативная эритема (в т.ч. синдром Стивенса-Джонсона), токсический эпидермальный некролиз (сидром Лайелла), кропил ‘ Каменка, отек Квинке. В случае появления высыпаний следует немедленно прекратить прием препарата

со стороны центральной нервной системы : (обычно развивается при приеме высоких доз): головокружение, психомоторное возбуждение, нарушение ориентации;

Со стороны пищеварительной системы : тошнота, боль в эпигастрии, повышение активности «печеночных» ферментов в сыворотке крови, как правило, без развития желтухи, гепатонекроз (дозозависимый эффект)

со стороны эндокринной системы : гипогликемия, возможно развитие гипогликемической комы;

со стороны органов кроветворения : анемия, сульфгемоглобинемия и метгемоглобинемия (цианоз, одышка, боли в сердце), гемолитическая анемия. При длительном применении в дозах, превышающих терапевтические — апластическая анемия, панцитопения, тромбоцитопения, что может привести носовые кровотечения и / или кровоточивость десен, лейкопения, нейтропения, агранулоцитоз

Со стороны мочевыделительной системы : при приеме больших доз — нефротоксическое действие (почечная колика, интерстициальный нефрит, папиллярный некроз).

В случае возникновения каких-либо побочных эффектов необходимо немедленно прекратить применение препарата.

При одновременном назначении барбитуратов, противосудорожных (противоэпилептических) средств, рифампицина значительно увеличивается риск гепатотоксического действия.

Парацетамол увеличивает эффект непрямых антикоагулянтов (производных кумарина). Метоклопрамид повышает, а холестирамин снижает скорость всасывания. Препарат может снизить антигипертензивный эффект ингибиторов АПФ, фуросемида. При одновременном применении с левомицетином (хлорамфениклом) экскреция последнего замедляется и повышается его токсичность. Барбитураты уменьшают жаропонижающее активность.

Хранить при температуре не выше 25 º С, в сухом, защищенном от света месте. Хранить в недоступном для детей месте.

1 микроклизма в алюминиевой упаковке. По 5 микроклизм в картонной коробке.

Rapidol S

Rapidol S is a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, an enzyme invovled in prostaglandin synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway. Its pharmacological effects are believed to be due to inhibition cylooxygenase-2 (COX-2) which decreases the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation, pain, fever and swelling. Antipyretic effects may be due to action on the hypothalamus, resulting in an increased peripheral blood flow, vasodilation, and subsequent heat dissipation. Inhibition of COX-1 is thought to cause some of the side effects of ibuprofen including GI ulceration. Rapidol S is administered as a racemic mixture. The R-enantiomer undergoes extensive interconversion to the S-enantiomer in vivo. The S-enantiomer is believed to be the more pharmacologically active enantiomer.

Rapidol S has multiple actions in different inflammatory pathways involved in acute and chronic inflammation. The main effects reported in ibuprofen are related to the control of pain, fever and acute inflammation by the inhibition of the synthesis of prostanoids by COX-1 and COX-2. Pain relief is attributed to peripheral affected regions and central nervous system effects in the pain transmission mediated by the dorsal horn and higher spinothalamic tract. Some reports have tried to link the pain regulation with a possible enhancement on the synthesis of endogenous cannabinoids and action on the NMDA receptors. The effect on pain has been shown to be related to the cortically evoked potentials.

The antipyretic effect is reported to be linked to the effect on the prostanoid synthesis due to the fact that the prostanoids are the main signaling mediator of pyresis in the hypothalamic-preoptic region.

The use of ibuprofen in dental procedures is attributed to the local inhibition of prostanoid production as well as to anti-oedemic activity and an increase of plasma beta-endorphins. Some reports have suggested a rapid local reduction of the expression of COX-2 in dental pulp derived by the administration of ibuprofen.

Uses

Rapidol S is used

• For the treatment of sign and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis and other non-rheumatoid arthropathies,
• For the treatment of non-articular rheumatic conditions, such as frozen shoulder, bursitis, tendinitis, tenosynovitis and low back pain,
• For the treatment of soft tissue injuries such as sprain, strain and post operative pain
• For the treatment of dysmenorrhoea,
• For the treatment of dental pain.
• For the treatment of cold & fever.

Rapidol S is also used to associated treatment for these conditions:

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Common Cold, Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Fever, Gastric Ulcer, Gouty Arthritis, Headache, Insomnia, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), Menstrual Distress (Dysmenorrhea), Migraine, Mild pain, Nasal Congestion, Osteoarthritis (OA), Pain, Pain, Acute, Pain, Inflammatory, Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), Pericarditis, Primary Dysmenorrhoea, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Severe Pain, Sinus pressure, Mild to moderate pain, Minor aches and pains, Moderate Pain

How Rapidol S works

The exact mechanism of action of ibuprofen is unknown. However, ibuprofen is considered an NSAID and thus it is a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, which is an enzyme involved in prostaglandin (mediators of pain and fever) and thromboxane (stimulators of blood clotting) synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway.

Rapidol S is a non-selective COX inhibitor and hence, it inhibits the activity of both COX-1 and COX-2. The inhibition of COX-2 activity decreases the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation, pain, fever, and swelling while the inhibition of COX-1 is thought to cause some of the side effects of ibuprofen including GI ulceration.

Table Of contents

• Rapidol S
• Uses
• Dosage
• Side Effect
• Precautions
• Interactions
• Uses during Pregnancy
• Uses during Breastfeeding
• Accute Overdose
• Food Interaction
• Half Life
• Volume of Distribution
• Clearance
• Interaction With other Medicine
• Contradiction
• Storage

Dosage

Rapidol S dosage

Oral Administrations-

For Children:

• 20 mg per kg body weight daily in divided doses. In children weighing less than 30 kg the total daily dosage should not exceed 500 mg. If gastrointestinal disturbances occur Rapidol S should be given with food or milk.
• 1-2 years: 1/2 tea spoonful (2.5 ml) 3-4 times daily;
• 3-7 years: 1 tea spoonful (5 ml) 3-4 times daily;
• 8-12 years: 2 tea spoonful (10 ml) 3-4 times daily. Rapidol S is not recommended for children under 1 year.

For adult:

• For arthritic pain: The dosage range is from 0.9 to 2.4 g per day. The usual dose is 400 mg, 3-4 times per day, preferably after food. The dose may be raised to a maximum of 2.4 g daily depending on the severity of symptom at the time of initiating drug therapy or as patients fail to respond. After a satisfactory response has been achieved the patients dose should be reviewed and adjusted as required and tapered gradually.
• For mild to moderate pain: 400 mg 6 hourly or as demanded by the condition.
• For dysmenorrhoea: 400 mg every 4 hours or as demanded by the condition.

Topical Administrations-

Pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorder: As 5% cream, foam, gel, spray soln or 10% gel: Apply onto affected area.

Side Effects

Usually Rapidol S has a low incidence of side effects. The most frequent side effects are gastrointestinal disturbances. Peptic ulceration and gastrointestinal bleeding have occasionally been reported. Other side effects include headache, dizziness, nervousness, skin rash, pruritus, drowsiness, insomnia, blurred vision and other ocular reactions, hypersensitivity reaction, abnormal liver function test, impairment of renal function, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia.

Toxicity

The symptoms of overdose are presented in individuals that consumed more than 99 mg/kg. Most common symptoms of overdose are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, vertigo, drowsiness (somnolence), dizziness and insomnia. Other symptoms of overdose include headache, loss of consciousness, tinnitus, CNS depression, convulsions and seizures. May rarely cause metabolic acidosis, abnormal hepatic function, hyperkalemia, renal failure, dyspnea, respiratory depression, coma, acute renal failure, and apnea (primarily in very young pediatric patients).

The reported LD50 of ibuprofen is of 636 mg/kg in rat, 740 mg/kg in mouse and 495 mg/kg in guinea pig.

Precaution

Rapidol S should be given with caution to patients with bleeding disorders, cardiovascular diseases, peptic ulceration or a history of such ulceration and in those who are receiving coumarin anticoagulants and in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.

Interaction

Increased risk of GI bleeding with warfarin, corticosteroids, SSRIs and aspirin. May reduce the natriuretic effects of diuretics. Reduced antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. May increase toxicity of lithium and methotrexate. Increased nephrotoxicity with ciclosporin and tacrolimus.

Food Interaction

• Avoid alcohol.
• Take with food. Food reduces irritation.

Rapidol S Alcohol interaction

[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID:

The concurrent use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and ethanol may lead to gastrointestinal (GI) blood loss.

The mechanism may be due to a combined local effect as well as inhibition of prostaglandins leading to decreased integrity of the GI lining.

Patients should be counseled on this potential interaction and advised to refrain from alcohol consumption while taking aspirin or NSAIDs.

Rapidol S Hypertension interaction

[Major] Fluid retention and edema have been reported in association with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Therapy with NSAIDs should be administered cautiously in patients with preexisting fluid retention, hypertension, or a history of heart failure.

Blood pressure and cardiovascular status should be monitored closely during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course of therapy.

Hypertension interaction

[Moderate] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including topicals, can lead to new onset of hypertension or worsening of preexisting hypertension, either of which can contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular events.

NSAIDs should be used with caution in patients with hypertension.

Blood pressure should be monitored closely during the initiation of NSAID therapy and throughout the course of therapy.

Rapidol S Drug Interaction

Moderate: duloxetine, duloxetine, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsUnknown: diphenhydramine, diphenhydramine, pregabalin, pregabalin, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, cyanocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, cholecalciferol, alprazolam, alprazolam, cetirizine, cetirizine

Rapidol S Disease Interaction

Major: asthma, fluid retention, GI toxicity, rash, renal toxicities, thrombosisModerate: PKU, anemia, heart failure, hepatotoxicity, hyperkalemia, hypertension, platelet aggregation inhibition

Volume of Distribution

The apparent volume of distribution of ibuprofen is of 0.1 L/kg.

Elimination Route

It is very well absorbed orally and the peak serum concentration can be attained in 1 to 2 hours after extravascular administration. When ibuprofen is administered immediately after a meal there is a slight reduction in the absorption rate but there is no change in the extent of the absorption.

When orally administered, the absorption of ibuprofen in adults is very rapidly done in the upper GI tract. The average Cmax, Tmax and AUC ranges around 20 mcg/ml, 2 h and 70 mcg.h/ml. These parameters can vary depending on the enantiomer form, route, and dose of administration.

Half Life

The serum half-life of ibuprofen is 1.2-2 hours. In patients with a compromised liver function, the half-life can be prolonged to 3.1-3.4 hours.

Clearance

The clearance rate ranges between 3-13 L/h depending on the route of administration, enantiomer type and dosage.

Elimination Route

Rapidol S is rapidly metabolized and eliminated in the urine thus, this via accounts for more than 90% of the administered dose. It is completely eliminated in 24 hours after the last dose and almost all the administered dose goes through metabolism, representing about 99% of the eliminated dose. The biliary excretion of unchanged drug and active phase II metabolites represents 1% of the administered dose.

In summary, ibuprofen is excreted as metabolites or their conjugates. The elimination of ibuprofen is not impaired by old age or the presence of renal impairment.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Rapidol S is not recommended during pregnancy or for use in nursing mothers.

Contraindication

Rapidol S should not be given to patients with hypersensitivity to lbuprofen and to individuals who show nasal polyps, angioedema, bronchospastic reactivity to aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Rapidol S is contraindicated in patients with active or previous peptic ulceration & gastro-intestinal ulceration or bleeding.

Acute Overdose

Gastric lavage, correction of blood electrolytes (if necessary). There is no specific antidote for Rapidol S

Storage Condition

Keep in a cool & dry place. Keep out of the reach of children.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Rapidol S

What is Rapidol S used for?

What are the bad side effects of Rapidol S?

How many 400 mg Rapidol S can I take?

Can Rapidol S keep me awake at night?

Is Rapidol S a fever reducer?

Can I lie down after taking ibuprofen?

Does Rapidol S raise blood pressure?

Is Rapidol S a sedative?

Which is better for fever acetaminophen or Rapidol S?

How do I know if Rapidol S is working?

How much does Rapidol S raise your blood pressure?

Who should not take Rapidol S?

Why should you eat when taking Rapidol S?

Can I drink after taking Rapidol S?

Is Rapidol S bad for your liver?

Is Rapidol S an antidepressant?

What happens when you take Rapidol S on an empty stomach?

Is Rapidol S a painkiller?

What Rapidol S does to the body?

Should I take Rapidol S for lower back pain?

Can I take Rapidol S for back pain?

Caution is required in patients with certain conditions:

— Systemic lupus erythematosus as well as those with mixed connective tissue disease due to increased risk of aseptic meningitis.

— Gastrointestinal disorders and chronic inflammatory intestinal disease as these conditions may be exacerbated (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease).

— Caution is required prior to starting treatment in patients with a history of hypertension and or heart/failure. Oedema, hypertension and/or cardiac impairment as renal function may deteriorate and/or fluid retention occur.

— Renal impairment as renal function may deteriorate.

— Hepatic dysfunction.

Undesirable effects may be minimised by using the minimum effective dose for the shortest possible duration to control symptoms (see GI and cardiovascular risks below).

The elderly are at increased risk of the serious consequences of adverse reactions especially gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation which may be fatal.

Bronchospasm may be precipitated in patients suffering from or with a previous history of bronchial asthma or allergic disease.

Use with concomitant NSAIDs including cyclo-oxygenase-2 specific inhibitors should be avoided .

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects

Clinical studies suggest that use of Rapidol S, particularly at high doses (2400 mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke).

Overall, epidemiological studies do not suggest that low dose Rapidol S (e.g. ≤1200mg daily) is associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombotic events.

Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (NYHA II-III), established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with Rapidol S after careful consideration and high doses (2400 mg/day) should be avoided.

Careful consideration should also be exercised before initiating long-term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking), particularly if high doses of Rapidol S (2400 mg/day) are required.

There is some evidence that drugs, which inhibit cyclooxygenase/ prostaglandin synthesis, may cause impairment of female fertility by an effect on ovulation. This is reversible on withdrawal of treatment.

Gastro-intestinal (GI) bleeding, ulceration, or perforation, which can be fatal, has been reported with all NSAIDs at any time during treatment, with or without warning symptoms or a previous history of serious GI effects (including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease).

The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID doses, in patients with a history of ulcer, particularly if complicated with haemorrhage or perforation , and in the elderly. These patients should commence treatment on the lowest dose available.

Patients with a history of GI toxicity, particularly when elderly, should report any unusual abdominal symptoms (especially GI bleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment.

Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medications which could increase the risk of gastrotoxicity or bleeding, such as corticosteroids, or anticoagulants such as warfarin, selective serotonin uptake inhibitors or anti-platelet agents such as aspirin.

Where GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving Rapidol S, the treatment should be withdrawn immediately.

Dermatological

Serious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDs. Patients appear to be at highest risk for these reactions early in the course of therapy: the onset of the reaction occurring in the majority of cases within the first month of treatment. Rapidol S should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.

Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance should not take this medicine as this product contains sucrose.

Each tablet contains 67mg of sucrose. This should be taken into account in patients with diabetes mellitus.

There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents, between the ages of 12-18 year olds.

The label will include:

12-18 years: if symptoms worsen, or persist for more than 3 days, or you get new symptoms consult your doctor.

Adults: if symptoms worsen, or persist for more than 10 days, or you get new symptoms consult your pharmacist or doctor.

Read the enclosed leaflet before taking this product.

Do not take if you:

— have ever had a stomach ulcer, perforation or bleeding

— are allergic to Rapidol S (or anything else in this medicine), aspirin or other related painkillers

— are taking other NSAID painkillers, or aspirin with a daily dose above 75mg

— are in the last 3 months of pregnancy.

Speak to a pharmacist or your doctor before taking if you:

— have asthma, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, had a stroke, heart, liver, kidney or bowel problems

— are a smoker

— are pregnant

The elderly have an increased frequency of adverse reactions to NSAIDs especially gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation which may be fatal.

Respiratory:

Bronchospasm may be precipitated in patients suffering from, or with a previous history of, bronchial asthma or allergic disease.

Other NSAIDs:

The use of Ibuprofen with concomitant NSAIDs including cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors should be avoided.

SLE and mixed connective tissue disease:

Systemic lupus erythematosus as well as those with mixed connective tissue disease — increased risk of aseptic meningitis

Renal:

Renal impairment as renal function may further deteriorate.

There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents

Hepatic:

Hepatic dysfunction

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects:

Caution (discussion with doctor or pharmacist) is required prior to starting treatment in patients with a history of hypertension and/or heart failure as fluid retention, hypertension and oedema have been reported in association with NSAID therapy.

Clinical studies suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at a high dose (2400mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke). Overall, epidemiological studies do not suggest that low dose ibuprofen (e.g. ≤1200mg/day) is associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombotic events.

Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (NYHA II-III), established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with ibuprofen after careful consideration and high doses (2400 mg/day) should be avoided.

Careful consideration should also be exercised before initiating long-term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking), particularly if high doses of ibuprofen (2400 mg/day) are required.

Impaired female fertility:

There is limited evidence that drugs which inhibit cyclo-oxygenase/ prostaglandin synthesis may cause impairment of female fertility by an effect on ovulation. This is reversible upon withdrawal of treatment.

Gastrointestinal:

NSAIDs should be given with care to patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) as these conditions may be exacerbated.

GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation, which can be fatal has been reported with all NSAIDs at any time during treatment, with or without warning symptoms or a previous history of GI events.

The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID doses, in patients with a history of ulcer, particularly if complicated with haemorrhage or perforation , and in the elderly. These patients should commence treatment on the lowest dose available.

Patients with a history of GI toxicity, particularly the elderly, should report any unusual abdominal symptoms (especially GI bleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment.

Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medications which could increase the risk of ulceration or bleeding, such as oral corticosteroids, anticoagulants such as warfarin, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors or anti-platelet agents such as aspirin.

When GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving ibuprofen, the treatment should be withdrawn.

Dermatological:

Serious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDs. Patients appear to be at highest risk for these reactions early in the course of therapy: the onset of the reaction occurring in the majority of cases within the first month of treatment. Ibuprofen should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.

Advice for patients with sugar-related disorders:

Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency should not take this medicine.

Advice for patients on a controlled sodium diet:

This medicinal product contains 1.1 mmol (or 25.3 mg) of sodium per 2 doses (2 tablets). To be taken into consideration by patients on a controlled sodium diet.

The leaflet will include:

The quantity of sodium contained in 2 tablets is approximately 1.1mmol, ie about 25.3 mg. This quantity is to be taken into consideration by patients on a controlled sodium diet.

If you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking this medicinal product.

The label will include:

Read the enclosed leaflet before taking this product

Do not take if you:

— have (or have had two or more episodes of ) a stomach ulcer, perforation or bleeding

— are allergic to ibuprofen, to any of the ingredients, or to aspirin or other related painkillers

— are taking other NSAID pain killers or aspirin with a daily dose above 75mg

Speak to a pharmacist or your doctor before taking if you:

— have or have had asthma, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, a stroke, heart, liver, kidney or bowel problems

— Are a smoker

— Are pregnant

If symptoms persist or worsen, or if new symptoms occur, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

WARNINGS

Allergy alert: Ibuprofen may cause a severe allergic reaction, especially in people allergic to aspirin. Symptoms may include:

• hives
• facial swelling
• asthma (wheezing)
• shock
• skin reddening
• rash
• blisters

If an allergic reaction occurs, stop use and seek medical help right away.

Stomach bleeding warning: This product contains an NSAID, which may cause severe stomach bleeding. The chance is higher if you:

• have had stomach ulcers or bleeding problems
• take a blood thinning (anticoagulant) or steroid drug
• are age 60 or older
• take other drugs containing prescription or nonprescription NSAIDs [aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or others]
• have 3 or more alcoholic drinks every day while using this product
• take more or for a longer time than directed

Do not use

• if you have ever had an allergic reaction to any other pain reliever/fever reducer
• right before or after heart surgery

Ask a doctor before use if

• stomach bleeding warning applies to you
• you have a history of stomach problems, such as heartburn
• you have high blood pressure, heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or kidney disease
• you are taking a diuretic
• you have problems or serious side effects from taking pain relievers or fever reducers
• you have asthma

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are

• under a doctor’s care for any serious condition
• taking aspirin for heart attack or stroke, because ibuprofen may decrease this benefit of aspirin
• taking any other drug

When using this product

• take with food or milk if stomach upset occurs
• the risk of heart attack or stroke may increase if you use more than directed or for longer than directed

Stop use and ask a doctor if

• you experience any of the following signs of stomach bleeding:
  • feel faint
  • have bloody or black stools
  • vomit blood
  • have stomach pain that does not get better
• pain gets worse or lasts more than 10 days
• fever gets worse or lasts more than 3 days
• redness or swelling is present in the painful area
• any new symptoms appear

If pregnant or breast-feeding,

ask a health professional before use. It is especially important not to use ibuprofen during the last 3 months of pregnancy unless definitely directed to do so by a doctor because it may cause problems in the unborn child or complications during delivery.

Keep out of reach of children.

PRECAUTIONS

See WARNINGS Section above.

). As with other NSAIDs, ibuprofen may mask the signs of infection.

The use of Brufen with concomitant NSAIDs, including cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors, should be avoided due to the increased risk of ulceration or bleeding.

Elderly

The elderly have an increased frequency of adverse reactions to NSAIDs, especially gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation, which may be fatal.

Paediatric population

There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents.

Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration and perforation

GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation, which can be fatal, has been reported with all NSAIDs at anytime during treatment, with or without warning symptoms or a previous history of serious GI events.

The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID doses, in patients with a history of ulcer, particularly if complicated with haemorrhage or perforation , and in the elderly.).

Patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly when elderly, should report any unusual abdominal symptoms (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment.

Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medications which could increase the risk of ulceration or bleeding, such as oral corticosteroids, anticoagulants such as warfarin, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors or anti-platelet agents such as aspirin.

When GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving Brufen, the treatment should be withdrawn.

NSAIDs should be given with care to patients with a history of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease as these conditions may be exacerbated.

Respiratory disorders and hypersensitivity reactions

Caution is required if Brufen is administered to patients suffering from, or with a previous history of, bronchial asthma, chronic rhinitis or allergic diseases since NSAIDs have been reported to precipitate bronchospasm, urticaria or angioedema in such patients.

Cardiac, renal and hepatic impairment

The administration of an NSAID may cause a dose dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and precipitate renal failure.).

Brufen should be given with care to patients with a history of heart failure or hypertension since oedema has been reported in association with ibuprofen administration.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects

Appropriate monitoring and advice are required for patients with a history of hypertension and/or mild to moderate congestive heart failure as fluid retention and oedema have been reported in association with NSAID therapy.

Clinical studies suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at a high dose (2400 mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Overall, epidemiological studies do not suggest that low dose ibuprofen (e.g. ≤ 1200mg/day) is associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombotic events.

Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (NYHA II-III), established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with ibuprofen after careful consideration and high doses (2400mg/day) should be avoided. Careful consideration should also be exercised before initiating long-term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking), particularly if high doses of ibuprofen (2400mg/day) are required.

Renal effects

Caution should be used when initiating treatment with ibuprofen in patients with considerable dehydration.

As with other NSAIDs, long-term administration of ibuprofen has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal pathologic changes. Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of an NSAID may cause a dose-dependant reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may cause renal failure. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pre-treatment state.

SLE and mixed connective tissue disease

).

Dermatological effects

Serious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDs. Patients appear to be at highest risk of these reactions early in the course of therapy, the onset of the reaction occurring within the first month of treatment in the majority of cases. Brufen should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.

Haematological effects

Ibuprofen, like other NSAIDs, can interfere with platelet aggregation and prolong bleeding time in normal subjects.

Aseptic meningitis

Aseptic meningitis has been observed on rare occasions in patients on ibuprofen therapy. Although it is probably more likely to occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and related connective tissue diseases, it has been reported in patients who do not have an underlying chronic disease.

Impaired female fertility

The use of Brufen may impair female fertility and is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. In women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility, withdrawal of Brufen should be considered.

WARNINGS

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

PRECAUTIONS

Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events

Clinical trials of several COX-2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, which can be fatal. Based on available data, it is unclear that the risk for CV thrombotic events is similar for all NSAIDs. The relative increase in serious CV thrombotic events over baseline conferred by NSAID use appears to be similar in those with and without known CV disease or risk factors for CV disease. However, patients with known CV disease or risk factors had a higher absolute incidence of excess serious CV thrombotic events, due to their increased baseline rate. Some observational studies found that this increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events began as early as the first weeks of treatment. The increase in CV thrombotic risk has been observed most consistently at higher doses.

To minimize the potential risk for an adverse CV event in NSAID-treated patients, use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible. Physicians and patients should remain alert for the development of such events, throughout the entire treatment course, even in the absence of previous CV symptoms. Patients should be informed about the symptoms of serious CV events and the steps to take if they occur.

There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID, such as ibuprofen, increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) events.

Status Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery

Two large, controlled clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first 10-14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. NSAIDs are contraindicated in the setting of CABG.

Post-MI Patients

Observational studies conducted in the Danish National Registry have demonstrated that patients treated with NSAIDs in the post-MI period were at increased risk of reinfarction, CV-related death, and all-cause mortality beginning in the first week of treatment. In this same cohort, the incidence of death in the first year post-MI was 20 per 100 person years in NSAID-treated patients compared to 12 per 100 person years in non-NSAID exposed patients. Although the absolute rate of death declined somewhat after the first year post-MI, the increased relative risk of death in NSAID users persisted over at least the next four years of follow-up.

Avoid the use of Rapidol S in patients with a recent MI unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of recurrent CV thrombotic events. If Rapidol S is used in patients with a recent MI, monitor patients for signs of cardiac ischemia.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, And Perforation

NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms, in patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy is symptomatic. Upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs occurred in approximately 1% of patients treated for 3-6 months and in about 2%-4% of patients treated for one year. However, even short-term therapy is not without risk.

Risk Factors For GI Bleeding, Ulceration And Perforation

Patients with a prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or GI bleeding who used NSAIDs had a greater than 10-fold increased risk for developing a GI bleed compared to patients without these risk factors. Other factors that increase the risk of GI bleeding in patients treated with NSAIDs include longer duration of NSAID therapy; concomitant use of oral corticosteroids, aspirin, anticoagulants, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); smoking; use of alcohol; older age; and poor general health status. Most postmarketing reports of fatal GI events occurred in elderly or debilitated patients. Additionally, patients with advanced liver disease and/or coagulopathy are at increased risk for GI bleeding.

Strategies to Minimize the GI Risks in NSAID-treated patients:

• Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest possible duration.
• Avoid administration of more than one NSAID at a time.
• Avoid use in patients at higher risk unless benefits are expected to outweigh the increased risk of bleeding. For such patients, as well as those with active GI bleeding, consider alternate therapies other than NSAIDs.
• Remain alert for signs and symptoms of GI ulceration and bleeding during NSAID therapy.
• If a serious GI adverse event is suspected, promptly initiate evaluation and treatment, and discontinue Rapidol S until a serious GI adverse event is ruled out.
• In the setting of concomitant use of low-dose aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis, monitor patients more closely for evidence of GI bleeding.

Hepatotoxicity

Elevations of ALT or AST (three or more times the upper limit of normal [ULN]) have been reported in approximately 1% of NSAID-treated patients in clinical trials. In addition, rare, sometimes fatal, cases of severe hepatic injury, including fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis, and hepatic failure have been reported.

Elevations of ALT or AST (less than three times ULN) may occur in up to 15% of patients treated with NSAIDs, including ibuprofen.

Inform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, diarrhea, pruritus, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and “flu-like” symptoms).If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), discontinue Rapidol S immediately, and perform a clinical evaluation of the patient.

Hypertension

NSAIDs, including Rapidol S, can lead to new onset of hypertension or worsening of pre—existing hypertension, either of which may contribute to the increased incidence of CV events. Patients taking angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, or loop diuretics may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs.

Monitor blood pressure (BP) during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course of therapy.

Heart Failure And Edema

The Coxib and traditional NSAID Trialists’ Collaboration meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials demonstrated an approximately two-fold increase in hospitalizations for heart failure in COX-2 selective-treated patients and nonselective NSAID-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. In a Danish National Registry study of patients with heart failure, NSAID use increased the risk of MI, hospitalization for heart failure, and death.

Additionally, fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients treated with NSAIDs. Use of ibuprofen may blunt the CV effects of several therapeutic agents used to treat these medical conditions (e.g., diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]).

Avoid the use of Rapidol S in patients with severe heart failure unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening heart failure. If Rapidol S is used in patients with severe heart failure, monitor patients for signs of worsening heart failure.

Renal Toxicity And Hyperkalemia

Renal Toxicity

Long-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury.

Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of an NSAID may cause a dose dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, dehydration, hypovolemia, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors or ARBs, and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state.

No information is available from controlled clinical studies regarding the use of Rapidol S in patients with advanced renal disease. The renal effects of Rapidol S may hasten the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with preexisting renal disease.

Correct volume status in dehydrated or hypovolemic patients prior to initiating Rapidol S. Monitor renal function in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, heart failure, dehydration, or hypovolemia during use of Rapidol S. Avoid the use of Rapidol S in patients with advanced renal disease unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening renal function. If Rapidol S is used in patients with advanced renal disease, monitor patients for signs of worsening renal function.

Hyperkalemia

Increases in serum potassium concentration, including hyperkalemia, have been reported with use of NSAIDs, even in some patients without renal impairment. In patients with normal renal function, these effects have been attributed to a hyporeninemic­hypoaldosteronism state.

Anaphylactic Reactions

Ibuprofen has been associated with anaphylactic reactions in patients with and without known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen and in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma.

Seek emergency help if anaphylactic reaction occurs.

Exacerbation Of Asthma Related To Aspirin Sensitivity

A subpopulation of patients with asthma may have aspirin-sensitive asthma which may include chronic rhinosinusitis complicated by nasal polyps; severe, potentially fatal bronchospasm; and/or intolerance to aspirin and other NSAIDs. Because cross-reactivity between aspirin and other NSAIDs has been reported in such aspirin-sensitive patients, Rapidol S is contraindicated in patients with this form of aspirin sensitivity. When Rapidol S is used in patients with preexisting asthma (without known aspirin sensitivity), monitor patients for changes in the signs and symptoms of asthma.

Serious Skin Reactions

NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, can cause serious skin adverse reactions such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur without warning. Inform patients about the signs and symptoms of serious skin reactions, and to discontinue the use of Rapidol S at the first appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity. Rapidol S is contraindicated in patients with previous serious skin reactions to NSAIDs.

Premature Closure Of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus

Ibuprofen may cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Avoid use of NSAIDs, including Rapidol S, in pregnant women starting at 30 weeks of gestation (third trimester).

Hematologic Toxicity

Anemia has occurred in NSAID-treated patients. This may be due to occult or gross GI blood loss, fluid retention, or an incompletely described effect on erythropoiesis. If a patient treated with Rapidol S has any signs or symptoms of anemia, monitor hemoglobin or hematocrit.

NSAIDs, including Rapidol S may increase the risk of bleeding events. Co-morbid conditions such as coagulation disorder, concomitant use of warfarin, other anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may increase this risk. Monitor these patients for signs of bleeding.

Rapidol S must be diluted prior to use. Infusion of the drug product without dilution can cause hemolysis.

Masking Of Inflammation And Fever

The pharmacological activity of Rapidol S in reducing inflammation, and possibly fever, may diminish the utility of diagnostic signs in detecting infections.

Laboratory Monitoring

Because serious GI bleeding, hepatotoxicity, and renal injury can occur without warning symptoms or signs, consider monitoring patients on long-term NSAID treatment with a CBC and a chemistry profile periodically.

Ophthalmological Effects

Blurred or diminished vision, scotomata, and changes in color vision have been reported with oral ibuprofen. Discontinue ibuprofen if a patient develops such complaints, and refer the patient for an ophthalmologic examination that includes central visual fields and color vision testing.

Aseptic Meningitis

Aseptic meningitis with fever and coma has been observed in patients on oral ibuprofen therapy. Although it is probably more likely to occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and related connective tissue diseases, it has been reported in patients who do not have underlying chronic disease. If signs or symptoms of meningitis develop in a patient on ibuprofen, give consideration to whether or not the signs or symptoms are related to ibuprofen therapy.

Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide) that accompanies each prescription dispensed. Patients, families, or their caregivers should be informed of the following information before initiating therapy with Rapidol S and periodically during the course of ongoing therapy.

Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events

Advise patients to be alert for the symptoms of cardiovascular thrombotic events, including chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, or slurring of speech, and to report any of these symptoms to their health care provider immediately.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, And Perforation

Advise patients to report symptoms of ulcerations and bleeding, including epigastric pain, dyspepsia, melena, and hematemesis to their health care provider. In the setting of concomitant use of low-dose aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis, inform patients of the increased risk for and the signs and symptoms of GI bleeding.

Hepatotoxicity

Inform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, pruritus, diarrhea, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and “flu-like” symptoms). If these occur, instruct patients to stop Rapidol S and seek immediate medical therapy.

Heart Failure And Edema

Advise patients to be alert for the symptoms of congestive heart failure including shortness of breath, unexplained weight gain, or edema and to contact their healthcare provider if such symptoms occur.

Anaphylactic Reactions

Inform patients of the signs of an anaphylactic reaction (e.g., difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat). Instruct patients to seek immediate emergency help if these occur.

Serious Skin Reactions

Advise patients to stop Rapidol S immediately if they develop any type of rash and to contact their healthcare provider as soon as possible.

Female Fertility

Advise females of reproductive potential who desire pregnancy that NSAIDs, including Rapidol S, may be associated with a reversible delay in ovulation

Fetal Toxicity

Inform pregnant women to avoid use of Rapidol S and other NSAIDs starting at 30 weeks gestation because of the risk of the premature closing of the fetal ductus arteriosus.

Avoid Concomitant Use Of NSAIDs

Inform patients that the concomitant use of Rapidol S with other NSAIDs or salicylates (e.g., diflunisal, salsalate) is not recommended due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal toxicity, and little or no increase in efficacy. Alert patients that NSAIDs may be present in “over the counter” medications for treatment of colds, fever, or insomnia.

Use Of NSAIDS And Low-Dose Aspirin

Inform patients not to use low-dose aspirin concomitantly with Rapidol S until they talk to their healthcare provider.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Carcinogenesis

Long-term studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of ibuprofen have not been conducted.

Mutagenesis

In published studies, ibuprofen was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames assay).

Impairment Of Fertility

In a published study, dietary administration of ibuprofen to male and female rats 8-weeks prior to and during mating at dose levels of 20 mg/kg (0.06-times the MRHD based on body surface area comparison) did not impact male or female fertility or litter size.

In other studies, adult mice were administered ibuprofen intraperitoneally at a dose of 5.6 mg/kg/day (0.0085-times the MRHD based on body surface area comparison) for 35 or 60 days in males and 35 days in females. There was no effect on sperm motility or viability in males but decreased ovulation was reported in females.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Use of NSAIDs, including Rapidol S, during the third trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Avoid use of NSAIDs, including Rapidol S, in pregnant women starting at 30 weeks gestation (third trimester).

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Rapidol S in pregnant women. Data from observational studies regarding potential embryofetal risks of NSAID use in women in the first or second trimesters of pregnancy are inconclusive. In the general U.S. population, all clinically recognized pregnancies, regardless of drug exposure, have a background rate of 2-4% for major malformations, and 15-20% for pregnancy loss. In published animal reproduction studies, there were no clear developmental effects at doses up to 0.4-times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) in the rabbit and 0.5-times in the MRHD rat when dosed throughout gestation. In contrast, an increase in membranous ventricular septal defects was reported in rats treated on Gestation Days 9 & 10 with 0.8-times the MRHD. Based on animal data, prostaglandins have been shown to have an important role in endometrial vascular permeability, blastocyst implantation, and decidualization. In animal studies, administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors such as ibuprofen, resulted in increased pre-and post-implantation loss. Advise a pregnant woman of the potential risk to a fetus.

Clinical Considerations

Labor or Delivery

There are no studies on the effects of Rapidol S during labor or delivery. In animal studies, NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, cause delayed parturition, and increase the incidence of stillbirth.

Animal Data

In a published study, female rabbits given 7.5, 20, or 60 mg/kg ibuprofen (0.04, 0.12, or 0.36-times the maximum recommended human daily dose of 3200 mg of ibuprofen based on body surface area) from Gestation Days 1 to 29, no clear treatment-related adverse developmental effects were noted. This dose was associated with significant maternal toxicity (stomach ulcers, gastric lesions). In the same publication, female rats were administered 7.5, 20, 60, 180 mg/kg ibuprofen (0.02, 0.06, 0.18, 0.54-times the maximum daily dose) did not result in clear adverse developmental effects. Maternal toxicity (gastrointestinal lesions) was noted at 20 mg/kg and above.

In a published study, rats were orally dosed with 300 mg/kg ibuprofen (0.912-times the maximum human daily dose of 3200 mg based on body surface area) during Gestation Days 9 and 10 (critical time points for heart development in rats). Ibuprofen treatment resulted in an increase in the incidence of membranous ventricular septal defects. This dose was associated with significant maternal toxicity including gastrointestinal toxicity. One incidence each of a membranous ventricular septal defect and gastroschisis was noted in fetuses from rabbits treated with 500 mg/kg (3-times the maximum human daily dose) from Gestation Day 9-11.

Lactation

Risk Summary

No lactation studies have been conducted with Rapidol S; however, limited published literature reports that, following oral administration, ibuprofen is present in human milk at relative infant doses of 0.06% to 0.6% of the maternal weight-adjusted daily dose. There are no reports of adverse effects on the breastfed infant and no effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Rapidol S and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from the Rapidol S or from the underlying maternal condition.

Females And Males Of Reproductive Potential

Infertility

Females

Based on the mechanism of action, the use of prostaglandin-mediated NSAIDs, including Rapidol S, may delay or prevent rupture of ovarian follicles, which has been associated with reversible infertility in some women. Published animal studies have shown that administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors has the potential to disrupt prostaglandin- mediated follicular rupture required for ovulation. Small studies in women treated with NSAIDs have also shown a reversible delay in ovulation. Consider withdrawal of NSAIDs, including Rapidol S in women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility.

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of Rapidol S for the treatment of pain and fever in pediatric patients ages 6 months and older is supported by evidence of fever reduction from a multi-center, open-label study of hospitalized febrile pediatric patients along with safety data from exposure to Rapidol S in 143 pediatric patients ages 6 months and older in two pediatric fever studies and one pediatric pain study, supportive data from other ibuprofen products approved in pediatric patients, and evidence from adequate and well controlled studies in adults. The effectiveness of Rapidol S for the treatment of pain and fever has not been studied in pediatric patients less than 6 months of age..

Geriatric Use

Elderly patients, compared to younger patients, are at greater risk for NSAID-associated serious cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and/or renal adverse reactions. If the anticipated benefit for the elderly patient outweighs these potential risks, start dosing at the low end of the dosing range, and monitor patients for adverse effects.

Clinical studies of Rapidol S did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. Elderly patients are at increased risk for serious GI adverse events.

Before administration of Rapidol S an adequate echocardiographic examination should be performed in order to detect a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus and to exclude pulmonary hypertension and ductal-dependent congenital heart disease.

Since prophylactic use in the first 3 days of life (starting within 6 hours of birth) in preterm newborn infants less than 28 weeks of gestational age was associated with increased pulmonary and renal adverse events, Rapidol S should not be used prophylactically at any gestational age. In particular, severe hypoxemia with pulmonary hypertension was reported in 3 infants within one hour of the first infusion and was reversed within 30 min after start of inhaled nitric oxide therapy.

If hypoxaemia occurs during or following Rapidol S infusion, close attention should be paid to pulmonary pressure.

Since ibuprofen was shown in vitro to displace bilirubin from its binding site to albumin, the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy in premature newborn infants may be increased. Therefore, ibuprofen should not be used in infants with marked elevated bilirubin concentration.

As a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), ibuprofen may mask the usual signs and symptoms of infection.).

Rapidol S should be administered carefully to avoid extravasation and potential resultant irritation to tissues.

As ibuprofen may inhibit platelet aggregation, premature neonates should be monitored for signs of bleeding.

As ibuprofen may decrease the clearance of aminoglycosides, strict surveillance of their serum levels is recommended during co-administration with ibuprofen.

Careful monitoring of both renal and gastrointestinal function is recommended.

In preterm newborn infants less than 27 weeks of gestational age, the closure rate of the ductus arteriosus (33 to 50%) was shown to be low at the recommended dose regimen.

This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (15 mg) per 2 ml, i.e. essentially ‘sodium-free’.

WARNINGS

Included as part of the «PRECAUTIONS» Section

PRECAUTIONS

General

There are no long-term evaluations of the infants treated with ibuprofen at durations greater than the 36 weeks post-conceptual age observation period. Ibuprofen’s effects on neurodevelopmental outcome and growth as well as disease processes associated with prematurity (such as retinopathy of prematurity and chronic lung disease) have not been assessed.

Infection

Rapidol S may alter the usual signs of infection. The physician must be continually on the alert and should use the drug with extra care in the presence of controlled infection and in infants at risk of infection.

Platelet Aggregation

Rapidol S, like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, can inhibit platelet aggregation. Preterm infants should be observed for signs of bleeding. Ibuprofen has been shown to prolong bleeding time (but within the normal range) in normal adult subjects. This effect may be exaggerated in patients with underlying hemostatic defects (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).

Bilirubin Displacement

Ibuprofen has been shown to displace bilirubin from albumin binding-sites; therefore, it should be used with caution in patients with elevated total bilirubin.

Administration

Rapidol S should be administered carefully to avoid extravascular injection or leakage, as solution may be irritating to tissue.

Use In Specific Populations

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness have only been established in premature infants.

Рапидол 125 мг: в 1 таблетке содержится парацетамола 125 мг.
Рапидол 250 мг: в 1 таблетке содержится парацетамола 250 мг.
Рапидол 500 мг: в 1 таблетке содержится парацетамола 500 мг.
Рапидол Ретард: в 1 таблетке содержится парацетамола 500 мг.

Действующее вещество Рапидола – парацетамол (4-гидроксиацетанилид или ацетаминофен) – относится к группе ненаркотических, несалицилатных анапиретиков и анальгетиков центрального действия. Парацетамол за счет ингибирования синтеза простагландинов обладает слабым противовоспалительным эффектом, способен повышать порог болевой чувствительности и блокировать импульсы на рецепторах, чувствительных к брадикинину. Антипиретическое свойство Рапидола обусловлено его влиянием на терморегуляционный центр гипоталамуса. Препарат оказывает угнетающее действие на синтез ферментов, которые отвечают за повышение температуры и появление боли в ЦНС. Периферического действия Рапидол практически не оказывает.
При приеме внутрь Рапидол всасывается быстро и полностью. Максимальная концентрация его в сыворотке крови отмечается уже спустя 30-60 минут после приема.
Рапидол Ретард характеризуется пролонгированным действием. Максимальная концентрация его в сыворотке при пероральном приеме отмечается спустя 3 часа. Активность его сохраняется на протяжении 12 часов. Рапидол Ретард в небольшой степени связывается с белками плазмы и быстро распределяется по всем тканям организма.

Рапидол метаболизируется в печени в результате конъюгации (85-95%) с глюкуроновой и серной кислотами. Образующиеся метаболиты нетоксичны и выделяются с мочой. При приеме высоких дозировок Рапидола наблюдается сульфатный вариант метаболизма препарата. В редких случаях, в результате действия цитохрома Р450, могут образовываться промежуточный метаболит N-ацетилбензохинон, который обезвреживается действием глутатиона и выделяется почками после конъюгации с цистеином. Применение высоких дозировок Рапидола (более 12 г) ведет к дефициту глутатиона и повышению уровня N-ацетилбензохинона, в результате чего возникает риск развития некротического поражения печеночной ткани. Этот феномен подтверждает, что сам парацетамол не обладает гепатотоксическим действием, оно характерно для его нестабильного метаболита при условии недостаточности глутатиона в печени. Некрозом поражается чаще всего третья зона печеночной дольки, поскольку в этой зоне отмечается максимальная концентрация цитохрома P450, который окисляет парацетамол. Парацетамол имеет высокий терапевтический индекс (>20).

В детском организме метаболические процессы парацетамола имеют особенности, которые обусловлены незрелостью цитохром-системы. В результате практически весь парацетамол в организме ребенка метаболизируется глюкуронидным и сульфатным путями, а в неизмененном виде выводится лишь малое количество. Низкая частота поражения печени при передозировке препарата у детей обусловлено отсутствием образования токсических метаболитов в детском организме.
Выведение парацетамола осуществляется преимущественно почками. Около 5% парацетамола выводится с мочой в неизмененном виде, а 90% — в форме сульфоконъюгатов и глюкуроновых конъюгатов. Период полувыведения Рапидола Ретард – 10 часов, Рапидола – 2 часа. Тяжелая почечная недостаточность приводит к замедленному выведению Рапидола и его метаболитов.

Рапидол используют в качестве анальгезирующего и жаропонижающего средства при лихорадке и болях различного происхождения: при болях при прорезывании зубов у детей раннего возраста, зубной боли, головной, мигренозной; при лихорадке в поствакциональном периоде, инфекционно-воспалительных процессах; невралгиях (травматических или ревматических), миалгиях; при альгодисменорее; при болях в послеоперационных и послеродовых периодах; при оперативных вмешательствах малого объема в стоматологической и оториноларингологической практике.
Рапидол Ретард используют с целью длительного обезболивающего и жаропонижающего действия.

Рапидол принимается спустя 1-2 часа после еды, внутрь.
Дети до 6 лет должны принимать таблетку, растворенную в столовой ложке молока или воды.
Дети от 6 лет и взрослые должны рассасывать таблетку во рту, не разжевывая ее, так как при контакте со слюной она быстро растворяется.
Дозировка Рапидола рассчитывается на кг массы тела. Рапидол применяется у детей от 3 месяцев, Рапидол Ретард применяется у детей от 7 лет. Общая дозировка Рапидола для детей весом менее 37 кг должна быть не выше 80 мг/кг веса в сутки, для детей с весом более 50 кг и для взрослых – не более 4 г в сутки. Взрослым рекомендуется принимать Рапидол каждые 4 часа по 500 мг на один прием, не более чем 4 г в сутки.

При интенсивной боли и лихорадке следует принять 2 таблетки по 500 мг, повторный прием препарата – через 4 часа.
Для детей весом меньше 40 кг максимальная доза Рапидола должны быть не выше 80 мг/кг в сутки, для детей весом от 41 до 50 кг и для взрослых – не выше 3 г в сутки, более 50 кг – 4 г в сутки.
Рапидол Ретард применяют у детей от 7 лет и взрослых с интервалом в 10-12 часов. Детям с массой тела от 25 до 40 кг рекомендуется принимать каждые 12 часов по 1-2- таблетки, а детям от 12 лет и взрослым – каждые 12 часов по 1-4 таблетки.

При применении Рапидола возможно возникновение:
— аллергических реакций (кожного зуда, крапивницы, высыпаний на коже и слизистых (чаще эритематозного характера), отека Квинке, токсического эпидермального некролиза (синдрома Лайелла), мультиформной экссудативной эритемы (синдрома Стивенса-Джонсона);
— расстройств пищеварительной системы: тошноты, боли в эпигастрии, гепатонекроза (эффект дозозависимый), повышение в сыворотке крови активности печеночных ферментов (обычно без желтухи);
— нарушений функций эндокринной системы: гипогликемии, гипогликемической комы;
— нарушений системы крови: гемолитической анемии, анемии, метгемоглобинемии и сульфгемоглобинемии, а также при длительном приеме в высоких дозах – развитие апластической анемии, тромбоцитопении, панцитопении, лейкопении, нейтропении, агранулоцитоза;
— нарушений функций мочевыделительной системы: почечной колики, папиллярного некроза, интерстициального нефрита (как проявление нефротоксического действия при применении Рапидола в больших дозировках). Появление указанных побочных эффектов требует немедленной отмены препарата.

Рапидол противопоказан при почечной и печеночной недостаточности, заболеваниях крови, генетическом дефиците глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы, фенилкетонурии, а также пациентам с индивидуальной гиперчувствительностью к компонентам препарата.

Нет подтвержденных данных о наличии эмбриотоксического, мутагенного и тератогенного действия Рапидола. Однако назначение препарата во время беременности и в лактационный период возможно, только если ожидаемый эффект для беременной или кормящей женщины превосходит потенциальный риск для плода или ребенка.

При одновременном применении с противосудорожными препаратами, барбитуратами, рифампицином и алкоголем отмечается повышение риска гепатотоксичного эффекта Рапидола.
Рапиол способен усиливать эффект производных кумарина (непрямых коагулянтов).
При одновременном приеме Рапидола с метоклопрамидом повышается скорость всасывания парацетамола, а при сочетании его с холестирамином скорость всасывания снижается.
При одновременном приеме с барбитуратами жаропонижающий эффект Рапидола снижается.

При приеме разовой дозы, превышающей 10 г у взрослых и 150 мг/кг веса тела у детей, возможно развитие токсического эффекта парацетамола. Симптомы передозировки: анорексия, рвота, тошнота, боль в животе, бледность кожных покровов. Симптомы развиваются обычно в первые сутки после приема Рапидола. Через 2-6 дней можно наблюдать развернутую клиническую картину токсического поражения печени. В некоторых случаях отмечается быстро развивающаяся картина нарушений печеночных функций с явлениями печеночной недостаточностью.
Неотложные мероприятия включают: обязательную госпитализацию в стационар, промывание желудка, определение уровня парацетамола в крови, введение М-ацетицистеина (антидота) внутрь или внутривенно (не позднее, чем через 10 часов после приема Рапидола), симптоматическое лечение.

Рапидол
Таблетки диспергированные по 125 мг, по 6 таблеток в упаковке.
Таблетки диспергированные по 125 мг, по 12 таблеток в упаковке.
Таблетки диспергированные по 250 мг, по 6 таблеток в упаковке.
Таблетки диспергированные по 250 мг, по 12 таблеток в упаковке.
Таблетки диспергированные по 500 мг, по 4 таблетки в упаковке.
Таблетки диспергированные по 500 мг, по 12 таблеток в упаковке.

Рапидол Ретард
Таблетки пролонгированного действия, 500 мг, в упаковке по 10 таблеток.
Таблетки пролонгированного действия, 500 мг, в упаковке по 20 таблеток.

Рапидол следует хранить в сухом месте, защищенном от света, при температуре, не превышающей 25 градусов Цельсия. Беречь от детей.

Парацетамол, Эффералган.
Смотрите также список аналогов препарата Рапидол.

При одновременном использовании Рапидола с другими лекарственными препаратами целесообразно убедиться в отсутствии парацетамола в составе лекарств (во избежание передозировки).
При использовании у детей Рапидола в дозировке 60 мг/кг в сутки только лишь при неэффективности терапии допускается его комбинация с другим жаропонижающим препаратом.
В случаях, если на фоне приема Рапидола болевой синдром не купируется в течение 5 суток или более 3 дней продолжается лихорадка, или присоединяются другие симптомы, необходимо проконсультироваться у врача.
Прием Рапидола может влиять на результаты определения глюкозы в крови или исследования мочевой кислоты.
При использовании Рапидола у пациентов с тяжелой формой почечной недостаточности между приемами препарата минимальные интервалы должны быть не менее 8 часов.

Инструкция составлена коллективом авторов и редакторов сайта Piluli. Список авторов справочника лекарств представлен на странице редакции сайта: Редакция сайта.